golden age era 8 to 14  I slamic philosophy of history /  history of Islamic philosophy Some therefore choose to demarcate this slice of philosophy’s history as ‘Philosophy in the Islamic World’. Despite the persistence of an association with a religion it is like calling philosophy in Europe ‘Philosophy in the Christian World’, which would not be true for nearly half of the history of Western philosophy  it is a less inaccurate option, and its adoption as an historico geographical label of convenience is acceptable. ‘Arabic–Persian’, this time relating to the languages in which the philosophy was written. The virtue of this is that it keeps in mind the fact, significant for philosophy in the Western tradition, that it was via Arabic that some of the key texts of antiquity were preserved and recovered. islamic golden age philosophy What follows here is an account of the leading thinkers in the Islamic world in the period between al-Kindi (c.801–73 CE) and Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126–98

 KANT II: ETHICS AND AESTHETICS The Critique of Pure Reason set out to curb the pretensions of speculative metaphysics while establishing a priori those principles which must be assumed if there is to be knowledge of an objective order. These principles enable the fundamental distinction between appearance and reality to be drawn with system and authority. The same concern for objectivity can be seen in Kant’s writings on ethics and aesthetics, both of which subjects he transformed entirely. There are two Critiques (1788 and 1790) which deal with these branches of philosophy, together with an earlier and in many ways more challenging work, the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). These works develop systems of value which not only purport to explore in a definitive way the entire question of the objectivity of moral and aesthetic judgement, but also to bring to completion the metaphysical speculations begun in the first Critique. Kant tries to rehabilitate, through the theo

The ascent to an empire I believe you may be referring to the term "Hellenistic period," which refers to the period of ancient Greek history from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BCE. During this time, Greek culture and influence spread throughout the Mediterranean world, as Alexander's conquests brought Greek language, art, philosophy, and religion to the regions he conquered. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of powerful kingdoms such as the Seleucids in Syria and the Ptolemies in Egypt, which were influenced by Greek culture and adopted Greek as one of their official languages. These kingdoms were also characterized by a flourishing of arts and sciences, as well as a blending of Greek and local cultures. Some of the most famous figures of the Hellenistic period include the mathematician Euclid, the astronomer Hipparchus, and the philosopher Epicurus. The period also saw the development of new forms of art, such as the

Are you curious about Existentialism? This beginner's guide to philosophy will help you understand the key concepts and thinkers of this influential movement. Understanding Existentialism: A Beginner's Guide to Philosophy The term Existentialism is coined by the Danish theologian and philosopher Soren Kierkegaard. According to Soren Existentialism “is a rejection of all purely abstract thinking, of a purely logical or scientific philosophy; in short, a rejection of the absoluteness of reason”. Existentialism, in fact, begins as A voice raised in protest against the absurdity of Pure Thought, a logic which is not the logic of thinking but the immanent movement of Being. It recalls the spectator of all time and of all existence from the speculations of Pure Thought to the problems and the possibilities of his own conditioned thinking as an existing individual seeking to know how to live and to live the life he Knows. What is Existentialism ? Existentialism is a philosophical move